Answer:
0.10 M AlCl₃.
Explanation:
We can calculate the concentration of chloride ion [Cl⁻] in each salt:
MgCl₂ is dissociated according to the reaction:
MgCl₂ → Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻,
Every 1 mol of MgCl₂ produces 2 mol of Cl⁻.
So, [Cl⁻] = (2)*(0.1 M) = 0.2 M.
AlCl₃ is dissociated according to the reaction:
AlCl₃ → Al³⁺ + 3Cl⁻,
Every 1 mol of AlCl₃ produces 3 mol of Cl⁻.
So, [Cl⁻] = (3)*(0.1 M) = 0.3 M.
CaCl₂ is dissociated according to the reaction:
CaCl₂ → Ca²⁺ + 2Cl⁻,
Every 1 mol of CaCl₂ produces 2 mol of Cl⁻.
So, [Cl⁻] = (2)*(0.05 M) = 0.1 M.
LiCl is dissociated according to the reaction:
LiCl → Li⁺ + Cl⁻,
Every 1 mol of LiCl produces 1 mol of Cl⁻.
So, [Cl⁻] = (1)*(0.1 M) = 0.1 M.
So, the solution will have the highest concentration of chloride ions is AlCl₃.
From the given options, the solution of 0.10M AlCl₃ is the one that has the highest concentration of chloride ions.
To know which of the given solutions has the highest concentration of chloride ions, we must evaluate each of them.
1) 0.10 M MgCl₂
We can see that in 1 mol of MgCl₂, we have 1 mol of Mg²⁺ and 2 moles of Cl⁻ ions, so if the initial concentration of MgCl₂ is 0.10 M we have:
[tex] [Cl^{-}] = \frac{2\: moles\: Cl^{-}}{1 \: mol\: MgCl_{2}}*\frac{0.10 \:mol\: MgCl_{2}}{1 L} = 0.20 M [/tex]
Hence, in this solution we have 0.20 M of chloride ions.
2) 0.10 M AlCl₃
In 1 mol of AlCl₃, we have 1 mol of Al³⁺ and 3 moles of Cl⁻, so the concentration of Cl⁻ is:
[tex] [Cl^{-}] = \frac{3\: moles\: Cl^{-}}{1 \: mol\: AlCl_{3}}*\frac{0.10 \:mol\: AlCl_{3}}{1 L} = 0.30 M [/tex]
Then, the concentration of chloride ions in this solution is 0.30 M.
3) 0.05 M CaCl₂
We can notice that in 1 mol of CaCl₂ we have 1 mol of Ca²⁺ and 2 moles of Cl⁻. The concentration of Cl⁻ is:
[tex] [Cl^{-}] = \frac{2\: moles\: Cl^{-}}{1 \: mol\: CaCl_{2}}*\frac{0.05 \:mol\: CaCl_{2}}{1 L} = 0.10M [/tex]
So, the concentration of the Cl⁻ ions is 0.10 M.
4) 0.10 M LiCl
In this case, in 1 mol of LiCl we have 1 mol of Li⁺ and 1 mol of Cl⁻, so the concentration of the chloride ions is:
[tex] [Cl^{-}] = \frac{1\: moles\: Cl^{-}}{1 \: mol\: LiCl}*\frac{0.10 \:mol\: LiCl}{1 L} = 0.10 M [/tex]
Hence, in this solution the concentration of the Cl⁻ ions is 0.10 M.
Therefore, the solution 0.10M AlCl₃ has the highest concentration of chloride ions.
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