This quote focuses on the idea that sometimes, no matter how hard people try, they cannot achieve their goals or deepest desires. They reach out further and further for one thing or someone and never get to it. Some never lose hope and "stretch out their arms farther", but that doesn't mean they'll get there. They have more optimism. These final words are just about Gatsby's struggle to achieve the American dream and his dream girl and the unfortunate events that follow his endeavors.
If you use my analysis, don't copy word for word ! :)
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