Yes. It would not matter if the brushing and licking were performed by an adult who did not share a genetic background because epigenetic modifications might be induced by environmental factors.
Either endogenous or external diversity in epigenetic patterns exists in multicellular organisms. Exogenous is a cellular reaction to environmental inputs, whereas endogenous is produced through cell-cell signalling (for instance, during early development when cells are differentiating). A new branch of science called "epigenetics" demonstrates how environmental factors, such as childhood experiences, truly change how genes are expressed. Consequently, the dated notion that genes are "fixed in stone" has been debunked. The debate over nature versus nurture is over. The impact of stress as a potential transgenerational risk factor for depression, the impact of nutrition on the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease across generations, as well as other examples of epigenetic inheritance in humans, have all been reported.
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