When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are considering if a potential subject population is vulnerable, they should consider:
Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?

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They should consider if is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?

A recruitment or informed consent process that is not voluntary and free of coercion or undue influence may occur from a power imbalance between research personnel and potential volunteers with whom the personnel have an interpersonal relationship.

If a subject feels that participating in a research project would have a negative impact on their interpersonal relationships, they may feel unable to decline. Prospective volunteers can even feel pressured to sign up for a study in order to keep cordial connections with the participating research personnel.

Additionally, the possibility of a loss of confidentiality for those participants may be increased by the recruitment of people who are already known to research personnel.

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Correct question:

When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are considering if a potential subject population is vulnerable, they should consider: