The flexibility of the smooth muscles allows the arteries to sustain a rapid, significant rise in pressure.
They have an outer layer of collagen and a thick wall to prevent the artery from rupturing under the intense pressure. In order to maintain pulse flow, the artery wall also has an inner layer of muscle and elastic fibers.
The aorta and pulmonary arteries, which are the closest to the heart, are elastic arteries because they have much more elastic tissue in the tunica media than muscular arteries do. The elastic arteries' ability to maintain a relatively constant pressure gradient despite the heart's continuous pumping is due to this property.
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