The most common immunoglobulin isotype found on mucosal surfaces is secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA).
Both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA are present in serum and make up around 15% of all globulins. Due to its high concentration in mucosal secretions, secretory IgA, a dimer, serves as the main defense against local infections (e.g., saliva and tears).
Large polymers of IgM, primarily pentamers, circulate in serum and can be delivered to mucosal surfaces by the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) through epithelial cells (SIgM).
The primary isotype of antibodies seen in nasal and mucosal secretions is known as secretory IgAs (sIgA). They are the primary humoral mediator of mucosal immunity and are released by plasma cells that are close to the mucosal epithelial cells, the site of infection.
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