James' assessment of the absence of carbon-14 is; option E. without carbon-14, James can use relative dating to estimate the age of the fossil
James can utilize relative dating, which can be used as a substitute to determine the age of fossils in the absence of Carbon-14, which is essential for Carbon dating, as Carbon-14 is not present in the animal fossils he is studying.
A scientific method of identifying an object's age in relation to another is called relative dating ( i.e. determining the relative order of events ).
We can therefore draw the conclusion that James can estimate the age of the fossil using relative dating in the absence of carbon-14.
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