In a market where there are external or negative externalities associated with consumption and production, the equilibrium will not be efficient because too many resources will be allocated to production of the good.
The provision of goods and services to meet consumer demands is the economy's principal goal. Consumption is the process of sating desires via the use of commodities and services. So, the two fundamental economic activities that must continue continuously in an economy are production and consumption.
Assuring sustainable patterns of consumption and production is goal 12. To lessen the detrimental effects on the climate, the ecosystem, and people's health, a transition to sustainable consumption and production of products and services is required.
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