It helps maintain the resting membrane potential by exchanging three intracellular sodium ions for two extracellular potassium ions.
A membrane's voltage varies rapidly in a series known as action potentials. The relative ratio of extracellular to intracellular ions and the permeability of each ion define the membrane voltage, or potential, at any given time. Depolarization, a sudden rise in potential, occurs all-or-nothing in neurons and is brought on by the opening of sodium ion channels in the plasma membrane. Repolarization, the ensuing restoration to the resting potential, is mediated by the opening of potassium ion channels. An ATP-driven pump (Na/K-ATPase) stimulates flow of sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell to restore the proper balance of ions.
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