The only pumped hydroelectric storage plant in Canada is the Sir Adam Beck Pump Generating Station in Queenston, Ontario near Niagara Falls. The upper reservoir at this facility can hold 20,000,000 m3 of water (that is 20,000,000,000 kg) and it is 21 m above the lower reservoir.Complete calculations using the GRASP method where appropriate to answer the following questions. Remember to express your answers using the correct number of significant digits.Complete calculations using the GRASP method where appropriate to answer the question. Remember to express your answers using the correct number of significant digits.A. How much gravitational potential energy is contained in the upper reservoir when it is full?B. At night, when electricity demand is low, water is pumped to fill the reservoir over an 8 hour period. The pumps draw 155 MW while they are operating during this time. What is the total input energy supplied to the pumps?C. During the day, when electricity demand is high, water flows out of the reservoir through the turbines to generate electricity. The reservoir can be emptied in about 6 hours while the turbines and generators supply 174 MW of electrical power to the power grid. What is the useful output energy supplied by the generators?D. What is the efficiency of the pumped storage system?E. Conduct research into the efficiency of other electricity production systems, such as hydroelectric, coal-fired, gas-fired, and nuclear power plants, as well as those based on solar or wind power. Select at least 3 systems and compare their efficiency to the efficiency of the Sir Adam Beck Pump Generating Station that you calculated in question D.F. Select either the Sir Adam Beck Pump Generating Station or one of the systems you researched in question E. Explain, using the principle of conservation of energy, the energy transformations used in this system, as well as where energy may be wasted. Consider the full electricity production process including transporting fuel to the power plant and the transmission of electrical energy to the end consumer in your explanation.

[tex]\begin{gathered} A. \\ mgh=PE=mass(gravity)high \\ 20.000.000.000kg\cdot\frac{9.81m}{s^2}\cdot21m=4.1202\cdot10^{12}J \end{gathered}[/tex][tex]\begin{gathered} B. \\ P=\frac{E}{t}=\frac{Energy}{Time} \\ 155MW\cdot8h\cdot\frac{3600s}{1h}=4.464\cdot10^{12}J \end{gathered}[/tex][tex]\begin{gathered} C.\text{ } \\ P=\frac{Energy}{Time}=\frac{E}{t} \\ 174MW\cdot6h\cdot\frac{3600s}{1h}=3.7584\cdot10^{12}J \end{gathered}[/tex][tex]\begin{gathered} \eta=\frac{Output}{Input}=\frac{Eout}{Ein} \\ \eta=\frac{3.7584\cdot10^{12}}{4.464\cdot10^{12}}=0.8419=84.19\% \end{gathered}[/tex]

E.

hydro=90%

coal-fired=33%

gas-fired=42%

nuclear= 37%

hydro on average hashthe igherstefficiency. Sir Adams' project is a little labove the average but still more efficient than other pocesses.

I would select hydro due to the highest efficiency it has. With this efficiency, the project would require less energy to produce the same amount than other systems of other processes. Also, the waste of energy is lower and the cost might be lower too due to the saving on energy.