Ocean nutrients are impacted by El Nino when weather patterns are disturbed because "Ocean upwelling reduces, resulting in decreased volumes of nutrient-rich water."
Typically, trade winds in the Pacific move warm ocean surface waters through Asia from east to west. On South America's west coast, it causes cold ocean currents to rise from the depths, carrying nutrients with them.
El Nino is primarily brought on by the interaction of the tropical Pacific Ocean surface layers with the surrounding atmosphere. However, some trade winds pick up during El Nino and the dominant winds are eastward, which reduces this upwelling of cooler deeper waters.
An excessive amount of algae can pollute lakes when they acquire an excess of nutrients.
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