There are several factors provided by technology that has contributed to an increase in population, many of these are of medical character and in food production, through a decent mortality rate.
A few examples:
Medicine
Soap production: decreased infectious diseases
Antibiotics: provided the means to fight bacterial diseases
Cesarian section and both prenatal and postnatal care: created a drastic drop in deaths due to birth, and the first months of life.
Food production
Pasteurization: provided safe means to consume certain foods, avoiding lethal infections.
High vacuum and Refrigeration: provided the means to preserve food, avoiding lethal pathogens.
Tractor: provided an efficient production and food supply to most of the population diminishing malnutrition and its consequences.
