Answer: homologous chromosomes ==> option 4
Explanation:
Two chromosomes in a homologous pair are very similar to one another and have the same size and shape.
Homologous chromosomes are genetic structures that resemble each other in length, shape, and gene sequence. So the correct option is D.
Chromosomal pairs of the same length and centromere position where the genes correspond to the same loci are the homologous pair of chromosomes. Usually, one of the chromosomes, in a homologous pair is inherited in the offspring from the father and the other one is inherited from the mother.
The alleles of the homologous pairs are sometimes possibly different. Thus, they can result in the occurrence of different phenotypes for a single gene.
There are 22 pairs of autosomes present in humans. These autosomes are homologous chromosomes. In the 23rd pair of chromosomes, the homogeneity depends on the sex of the individual. Females have XX chromosomes, which are homologous while males have XY chromosomes which are non-homologous.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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