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When the range of one or both of the variables is restricted, the correlation will be decreased
Restriction of range is the term applied to the case in which observed sample data are not available across the entire range of interest.
Correlation is a statistical measure (expressed as a number) that describes the size and direction of a relationship between two or more variables. A correlation between variables, however, does not automatically mean that the change in one variable is the cause of the change in the values of the other variable.
Restricted ranges affect correlations. In fact, when the range is restricted, a peculiar phenomenon happens: the correlation coefficient goes down. The range restriction causes the standard deviation of the variable x to shrink which reduces the correlation of x to some variable y. Analogue, range restriction can also affect the coefficients in multiple regression
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