Differences in age groups that reflect factors unique to a specific age group, rather than being due to developmental changes, are called cohort effects.
Cohort effects refer to those effects which are due to belonging to a specific age group.
Social effects are those which are influenced by the people around us like friends and family. Environmental effects refer to the factors external to the person. The operational effect refers to the life cycle stage.
A longitudinal study is a type of correlation study that examines variables over time. This research takes place over weeks, months, and even years. In some cases, longitudinal studies can take decades.
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