Formamide molecules are added to an electrophoresis buffer for the purpose of denaturing DNA.
A laboratory procedure called electrophoresis is used to divide DNA, RNA, or protein molecules according to their size and electrical charge. The molecules are moved by an electric current through a gel or other matrix. In the case of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), the gradient can be an electrical field or a denaturant such as a solution of urea and formamide.
Size, charge, and other characteristics are used in electrophoresis to separate macromolecules like protein and nucleic acids. Scientists utilize buffer to transport the charge through the gel for electrophoresis that separates by charge. Additionally, the buffer keeps the gel's pH steady, reducing alterations that would take place in the protein or nucleic acid if the pH were to become unstable.
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