Cladistics reconstructs phylogenies by considering shared derived characters between taxonomic groups and the maximum parsimony criterium.
Cladistics evaluate the relationship between different taxa according to shared characters.
The cladistic analysis follows the maximum parsimony criterium.
Explains the character state from the point of view of the fewest changes through history. Explains evolution with the minimal amount of evolutive changes.
It recognizes the monophyletic groups as natural groups. These groups are the clades, and their classification -sequencing- represents their phylogeny.
The sequencing term refers to lists of groups according to their relationship and their shared traits. One group is the sister group of the following one.
Cladistics uses cladograms to represent the common ancestral relationships and the emergence of different characters among the involved groups.
So the cladogram represents the relationship between taxonomic groups according to a derived character.
The derived character is any new trait that a group transmits to its descendants.
Through evolution, the characters change, and new changes are added. When referring to a derived character, we mean that all the subsequent groups in the cladogram carry and share the trait.
According to this framework, cladistics reconstructs phylogenies by considering shared derived characters and the maximum parsimony criterium.
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