Answer: Electric currents in the conductive substance of the Earth's core, caused by convection currents due to heat escaping from the core, are thought to generate the magnetic field.
The earth's magnetic field is thought to be caused by movements in the Outer core layer of the earth.
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.
Earth's outer core is a fluid layer about 2,260 km thick, composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Outer Core is about 2,200 kilometers (1,367 miles) thick. The NiFe alloy of the outer core is very hot, between 4,500° and 5,500° Celsius (8,132° and 9,932° Fahrenheit).
Hence, outer core layer constitutes earth's magnetic field.
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