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Italian unification also known as the Risorgimento was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Congress of Vienna, the unification process was precipitated by the revolutions of 1848, and reached completion in 1871, when Rome was officially designated the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.
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Nationalism became the most significant force for self-determination and unification in Europe of the 1800's. Nationalist began to form secret societies throughout Italy. Unification was the goal of groups such as the Young Italy Movement led by Giuseppe Mazzini who called for the establishment of a republic.
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