A researcher wants to know if eating a mint affects whether people can distinguish between two popular orange juice brands. To conduct an experiment, the researcher places participants in two groups. The treatment group will eat a mint before drinking a juice, while the control group will not eat a mint before drinking. Then the participants will guess the juice brand.

Randomization is important when assigning the participants to the treatment and control groups to ensure

that there will be the same number of participants in both groups.
that the experiment results can be generalized to all people.
that both groups have participants that like both popular juice brands.
that both groups are roughly equivalent with regards to demographics and juice preferences.

Randomization helps to eliminate the effect of sampling bias in an experiment. Therefore, random assignment of participants ensures equivalence in terms of the demographic and juice preference.

When subjects are randomly assigned to the groups, it eliminates the possible bias which may arise from personal preference which subjects have for a particular juice and which may yield a trend which isn't as a reflection of the actual study.

Therefore, the elimination of bias as a result of random assignment helps to strike a balance between the treatment and control samples regarding preference.

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