Explanation:
a).
Modus ponens: Some wars are just. So, pacifism must be false.
Modus tollens: Pacifism is always false. Thus, some wars are just.
b).
Modus ponens: God is in his heaven. Hence, all is right with the world.
Modus tollens: All is right across the world. So, God must be in his heaven.
c).
Modus ponens: Lino has admitted to all the charges. Hence, he must be telling the truth.
Modus tollens: Lino tells the truth. So, he must have admitted to his charges.
