In clinical applications, the unit ppm (parts per million) is used to express very small concentrations of solute, where 1 ppm is equivalent to 1 mg of solute per 1 L of solution. Calculate the concentration in ppm for each of the following solutions.

a) There are 17 ?g calcium in a total volume of 89 mL.
b) There is 0.65 mg caffeine in a total volume of 131 mL.
c) There is 0.35 mg trace particle in a total volume of 91 dL solution.