Answer:
d. All of these will decrease retained earnings
Explanation:
As we know that
The ending balance of retained earning = Beginning balance of retained earnings + net income - dividend paid
The net income increase the balance of retained earnings while the net loss and dividend reduces the retained earning balance
So, the effect of decrease in retained earning can be through net loss, dividend with respect to cash , stock, property, etc , plus resale of treasury stock which is less than the book value
Therefore, D option is correct