Explain two ways that an aquatic phototroph might use its subcellular structures to maximize its access to light. Explain how an aerobe (an organism requiring molecular oxygen for growth) might remain close to the surface, with access to air.

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Answer:

The aquatic phototrophic organisms need light and carbon dioxide to perform photosynthetic reactions. The aquatic microorganisms get maximum access to the sunlight by developing a few adaptive mechanisms like:

1. Gas vesicles: are formed in the microbes allows the bacteria to float in the water by buoyancy and get maximum sunlight

2. Phototaxis in which the microorganisms move in the direction of light by the movement of flagella.

The aerobic microorganism can also maximise their oxygen by:

1. The presence of gas vesicles

2. The microbes posses aerotaxis response which refers to the movement of bacteria to the oxygen.