During most of the 19th and 20th centuries, a system called ____ federalism operated in the US, under which the national government exercised powers delegated to it by the US Constitution and the state governments provided basic services to its citizens.

Dual federalism is also known as divided sovereignty. It is a political arrangement in which the power is shared between the state and federal governments and it is clearly defined manner, the state government only exercise those powers that were given to them without any interference from the federal government. It is different from cooperative federalism, the state and federal government jointly decide various policies in cooperative federalism.

In US the dual federalism was established due to backlash against Articles of confederation that had established weak federal government that had powers to make treaties, declare war and maintain army. The federal government's debt due to the American Revolution and Shay's rebellion led to the support of strong federal government by federalists and at the constitutional convention in 1787, the delegates decided to draft a new constitution with a system of dual federalism.