Mary's Cookies submitted an ad to the local newspaper with a coupon stating that a dozen cookies cost $2.99. The newspaper instead printed the price on the coupon as $29.99. Consequently, no customers came in to buy cookies by using the coupon. The factor working against effective communication between Mary and her target market in this case was most likely the result of __________.

a. feedback disruption
b. noise
c. a decoding error
d. a communication barrier
e. message interference