The two processes that determine the world's current biodiversity are .
endemism and climate change
mutation and humidity
extinction and speciation rates
breeding and ecotourism
allopatric and sympatric speciation

A single, small population that exists only in one place on the planet is considered __ to that area.
pandemic
extinct
foreign
endemic

1. Speciation refers to the formation of new species from the existing ones. It occurs when two populations of a species isolate reproductively and accumulate genetic variations over time. The rate of speciation regulates the total number of species present on the earth. The higher the rate of speciation, the higher the biodiversity.

Similarly, the extinction rate of the existing species determine the total number of living species present on the earth, that is, the biodiversity. A higher rate of extinction of species reduces the biodiversity of the region.

2. When a species is originated in one region and is not found anywhere else on the earth, it is said to be endemic for the region. The process is called endemism. An example of endemic species includes marsupial mammals that are confined to the continent Australia and are not found anywhere else in the world.