1. In 1492, Spain expelled ___ after being under their rule for centuries.

A. the Portuguese
B. the Basques
C. the Castilians
D. the Moors

2. An important cultural center during the Renaissance was the city of _.

A. Milan
B. Bologna
C. Florence
D. Naples

3. What is the connection between the Minoan civilization and a volcanic eruption on Thera?

A. The earthquake happened a century before the collapse of the civilization.
B. The earthquake created a graben.
C. The earthquake caused the collapse of the civilization.
D. The earthquake caused a volcanic eruption.

4. Throughout history, other cultures influenced Greece through _.

A. military conquest
B. shared ideals
C. trade agreements

5. Geographically, Spain is isolated from the rest of Europe by _.

A. Portugal
B. the Atlantic Ocean
C. the Pyrenees Mountains
D. narrow coastal plains

6. Most of central Spain is known as the Meseta, which is the Spanish word for _.
A. mountains
B. plateau
C. peninsula
D. plains

7. For the people of ancient Greece, the Iliad, and the Odyssey _.

A. copied Western ideals
B. were not popular
C. presented community standards
D. were children’s poems\

8. Western cultures got many of their ideas about _ from ancient Greece.

A. warfare
B. democracy
C. education
D. agriculture

9. How is Greece’s natural vegetation similar to that of other Mediterranean countries?

A. It has been damaged by forest fires.
B. It is mainly deciduous forests.
C. It grows rapidly in the wet climate.
D. It has been reduced to scrub vegetation by overgrazing.

10. What is the most productive agricultural area in Italy?

A. the Alps
B. the Po Valley
C. southern Italy
D. the Apennines

11. Many factories in northern Italy use ___ for energy.

A. coal
B. hydroelectricity
C. nuclear energy
D. natural gas

12. What major landform covers much of Italy?

A. the Apennines
B. the Po River valley
C. the Alps

3. The connection between the Minoan civilization and a volcanic eruption on Thera is that the earthquake happened a century before the collapse of the civilization. Answer (A).

4. (B) Shared ideals.

5. (C) The Pyrenees Mountains.

6. (B) Plaateau.

7. (C) Presented community standards.

8. (B) Democracy.

9. (A) It has been reduced to scrub vegetation by overgrazing.

10. (B) The Po River Valley.

11. (B) hydroelectricity.

12. (A) the Apennines. (Almost 40% of the Italian territory is mountainous, with the Alps as the northern boundary and the Apennine Mountains forming the backbone of the peninsula and extending for 1,350 km (840 mi).