The realized operations strategy of a firm usually differs from its directed strategy because of which of the following reason(s)?
(A) Directed strategy is misinterpreted by lower-level managers.
(B) Directed strategy is not communicated effectively by higher-level managers.
(C) Operating managers respond to normal pressures from other functions, such as marketing and finance, by making decisions that may better serve the customers but don’t fit with the objectives of the directed
a. C only
b. B only
c. A, B and C
d. A only