A 40-year-old female presents with hemorrhage from her dialysis graft. She states that she just got back from dialysis when the bleeding started. There is a significant amount of blood on the chair and floor. To control the bleeding, you would immediately:

A. apply direct pressure over the graft.
B. place a tourniquet distal to the graft.
C. place a tourniquet proximal to the graft.
D. apply ice to the area and elevate the extremity.