what of the following gives the desired properties of hash functions? (a) only authorized parties can perform hash functions. (b) one-way property, that is, it’s easy to compute the hash of a message, but computationally infeasible to compute the message based on the hash of the message. (c) the output of sha1 is of 128 bits. (d) a hash function processes a fixed length input into a fixed length output (e) all of the above.